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Pope Lucius III
Pope Lucius III (ca. 1100 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185.
==Biography==
A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 (perhaps 1097) as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven.〔J. M. Brixius, ''Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums voin 1130–1181'', Berlin 1912, p. 90〕 He had close ties to the Cistercians, but it seems that he never joined the order.〔(S. Miranda: Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli (note 1) ); I. S. Robinson, ''The Papacy 1073–1198. Continuity and innovation'', Cambridge University Press 1990, p. 212.〕 He was named cardinal by Pope Innocent II in December 1138, initially as cardinal-deacon of San Adriano, then (in May 1141) as cardinal-priest of Santa Prassede. Pope Adrian IV promoted him to the rank of Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri in December 1158. He was dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and one of the most influential cardinals under his predecessor Pope Alexander III.
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